Orion Aircraft - The P-3C Orion is a land-based maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare aircraft in service with the air forces of ten nations. Lockheed Martin produced more than 700 P-3 aircraft.
More than 400 flights are operated by 21 operators in 17 countries, including the United States, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Germany, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Taiwan, Spain and Thailand.
Orion Aircraft
The aircraft has the US Navy designation P-3, the Canadian Forces designations CP-140 Aurora and CP-140A Arcturus, and the Spanish Air Force designation P.3.
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The P-3A first entered service with the US Navy in 1962. The P-3C entered service in 1969 and continued to be improved and updated with new avionics systems and mission equipment.
The US Navy's P-3C aircraft is being replaced by the advanced Boeing P-8 Poseidon. The US Navy's VP-40 Air Patrol Squadron began converting the P-3C Orion to the Boeing P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft in November 2019. The last change was completed in May 2020.
In 1975, an improved navigation system, expanded computer memory, and tactical display were provided under the Update I program. In 1976, the Update II program provided an infrared detection system and a sonobuoy reference system, and the aircraft was equipped with a Harpoon missile. P-3C aircraft of the Upgrade III standard, delivered in 1984, were equipped with advanced anti-submarine warfare avionics, including the IBM Proteus AN / UYS-1 acoustic processor.
Update IV program enhancements, primarily aimed at providing advanced signal processing capabilities, were implemented in the 1990s to meet the threat of a new generation of fast, quiet and deep-diving submarines. The aircraft is equipped with Raytheon AN / APS-137(V) multi-mission surveillance radar.
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18 Royal Australian Air Force aircraft have been upgraded to AP-3C standard in international upgrade programs. The upgrade included the installation of an Elta Electronics EL / M-2022(V)3 maritime surveillance radar and a FLIR Systems Star SAFIRE II thermal imager. Delivery ended in March 2005.
Eight modernized aircraft for the Royal Netherlands Navy were sold to the German Navy. The upgrade includes new Electronic Support Measurements (ESM), radar and acoustic sensors, a new data management system and a new communications suite. EADS CASA is upgrading nine aircraft belonging to the Brazilian Air Force. This upgrade includes Thales integrated cockpit avionics and EADS CASA FITS mission system.
New Zealand has selected L-3 Communications to upgrade six P-3K aircraft with new mission systems. The upgrade also includes new communication and navigation equipment.
Pakistan has purchased seven old US Navy P-3C aircraft and ordered two Pakistan Navy aircraft to be upgraded. The upgrade includes Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR / SAR), Electronic Support Measurements (ESM) and communication systems. The first one was delivered in January 2007.
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries, based in Kobe, Japan, manufactures the P-3C aircraft in Japan under a license agreement. Kawasaki is the prime contractor for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) for the supply of up to 110 P-3C aircraft. Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI), based in Tokyo, manufactures the engines.
The aircraft was piloted by a crew of ten on missions lasting up to 14 hours. The flight deck accommodates the pilot, co-pilot and flight engineer.
The main cabin is configured as a mission operation room for tactical coordinator, navigator and communications operator, two operators for acoustic sensor suite, electromagnetic sensor system operator (responsible for operation of radar, electronic support measurement, infrared detection system). . and magnetic anomaly detectors), crew and flight technician. A protruding circular window in the main cockpit provides the crew with a 180° view.
P-3C anti-submarine warfare systems include the AN/ARR-78(V) sonobuoy receiver system of New York, the AN/ARR-72 sonobuoy receiver of New York, supplied for operations and maintenance by Fighting Electronics Inc. of New York. . buoys, two AQA-7 directional acoustic frequency analyzers and sonobuoy indicator recorders and an AQH-4 (V) sonar recorder.
File:p 3c Orion Liftoff
The sensor suite also includes an ASQ-81 magnetic anomaly detector and an ASA-65 magnetic compensator. Sonobuoys are launched from the main cabin and from external hardpoints.
"The P-3C Orion maritime patrol aircraft can carry weapons in a bomb bay and on ten underwing pylons."
An airborne electronic surveillance receiver, the ALQ-78(V) is carried on a pylon under the wing fairing. The system is supplied by New York-based Lockheed Martin and is also manufactured under license by Mitsubishi in Japan.
The ALQ-78(V) operates in automatic search mode, its primary target being a submarine radar. When a submarine radar signal is detected the system switches to direction finding mode and the received signal is classified.
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The aircraft could carry weapons in the bomb bay and on ten underwing pylons. The bomb bay is located at the bottom of the fuselage forward of the wing. It can carry a 2,000lb mine like the mk25, mk39, mk55 or mk56. Alternative arrangements include 1,000 lb mines, depth charges, torpedoes, or nuclear depth charges. Underwing pylons can carry 2,000lb mines, torpedoes, rockets, rocket pods and 500lb mines.
The US Navy's P-3C aircraft is equipped to carry AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles and land attack missiles. In the late 1990s, US Navy P-3C Orions armed with harpoons were sent to Yugoslavia. US Navy P-3Cs are also being upgraded with the WESCAM 20 multi-sensor system, which includes thermal imagers and CCD sensors.
In February 2004, Boeing completed integration of the SLAM-ER ground attack missile into the US Navy P-3C Orion.
The aircraft is powered by four Allison T56-A-14 turboprop engines with 3,661kW. Each engine drives a four blade constant speed propeller, type 54H60-77 supplied by Hamilton Standard. There are five fuel tanks, one in the fuselage and four integral wing tanks with a total fuel capacity of 34,800l. Service: USN Armament: AGM-84 Harpoon, AGM-84E SLAM, 20,000 pounds of ordnance including AGM-84H/K and AGM-65F Maverick missiles, Mk46/50/54 Propulsion: Four Allison T-56-A- 14 turboprop engines Max airspeed: 411 knots Range: 2,380 nm Crew: three pilots, two naval officers flight engineer, three sensor operators, one flight technician.
Air. Lockheed P 3 Orion 21\
The P-3C Orion is a four-engine turboprop aircraft designed by the US Navy to detect and track enemy submarines. The mission has been modified in recent years to provide surface monitoring of stations for land and sea missions.
The P-3C carries advanced submarine detection sensors such as Directional Frequency and Range (DIFAR) sonobuoys and Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD) equipment. The avionics system is integrated by a general purpose digital computer that supports all tactical displays, monitors and automatically launches ordnance and provides flight information to pilots. Additionally, the system coordinates navigation information and accepts sensor data input for tactical display and storage. The P-3C can carry a combination of weapons inside and on the wing pylons.
Originally fielded in the late 1960s, the P-3C Orion received a series of system upgrades to detect modern threats. USQ-78(V) upgrade program display control unit system control unit USQ-78(V) upgrade single advanced signal processor, which is a programmable system control processor, which provides post-processing of acoustic data and is the main part of acoustic update. III configuration. . Up to 100 P-3C aircraft are being upgraded to the USQ-78B configuration with System Controller (SC) and Acoustic Sub Unit (ASU) tech refreshes. Additionally, all analog acoustic data recorders are being replaced by digital data recorders.
The Critical Obsolescence Program (COP) was initiated in fiscal year 2004 to improve aircraft availability by replacing obsolete and/or more degraded systems. COP systems include ARC-230 HF to replace ARC-161, USQ-130 data link to replace ACQ-5, ASW-31, ASW-60 autopilot to replace ASX-6 multi-mode. AAS-36 IRDS is replaced by Imaging System (MMIS) and AIC-22 is Telephonics Secure Digital Intercommunications System (SDI) instead of ICS.
Germany Abandons P 3 Orion Modernization Plans
The Navy shifted the P-3C's operational priority to littoral areas and improved the P-3C's antisurface warfare (ASUW) capability. The Antisurface Warfare Improvement Program (AIP) includes improvements to ASUW, over-the-horizon targeting (OTH-T) and command, control, communications, and intelligence (C4I) and improves survivability. The AIP program currently consists of 72 contract kits; 69 aircraft were delivered to the Navy in September 2006. Upgrades to the weapon system included the addition of AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER missiles and Mk54 torpedo capabilities.
The P-3C experienced significant fatigue degradation over its operational life as measured by the Fleet Service Life Assessment Program (SLAP). The Navy has established special programs of structural inspections and replacement kits to repair aircraft structures to maintain the life of the aircraft. 12 active patrol squadrons (up from 24 in 1991) operate P-3C AIP aircraft with Upgrade III configurations. Other P-3 variants still in service include one VP-3A executive transport, four NP-3C and eight NP-3D research and development, test and evaluation, and oceanographic survey aircraft.
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