Bandit Fighter Jet - The Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk is a retired American twin-engine stealth attack aircraft developed by Lockheed's private Skunk Works division and used by the United States Air Force (USAF). It was the first artificially designed aircraft.
The F-117 was based on the Ive Blue technology demonstrator. The Nighthawk's maiden flight took place in 1981 at Groom Lake, Nevada, and the aircraft achieved its first operational capability in 1983. The aircraft was shrouded in secrecy until it was announced to the public in 1988. Of the 64 F-117s built, 59 they were production versions and the other five were prototypes.
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The F-117 was widely publicized for its role in the 1991 Gulf War. Although often called a "Stealth Fighter," it was an attack aircraft. F-117s participated in the war in Yugoslavia, where one was shot down by an air-to-air missile (SAM) in 1999. The Air Force phased out the F-117 in April 2008, mainly due to military deployments. F-22 Raptor.
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Although the type is officially decommissioned, part of the fleet has remained airborne and Nighthawks have been seen flying since 2009.
In 1964, Pyotr Ufimtsev, a Soviet mathematician, published an article titled Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction in the journal of the Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, in which he showed that the radar return force of an object . it is related to its border setting, not its size.
Ufimtsev demonstrated that he could read the cross section of the radar on the sides of the wing and on its top. The obvious and logical conclusion was that a large aircraft could reduce its radar signature using this principle. However, the design would have made the aircraft unstable and the state of computer technology in the early 1960s could not provide the types of flight computers that would allow aircraft such as the F-117 and B-2 Spirit. they stayed in the air. By the 1970s, when Lockheed researcher Dys Overholser discovered Ufimtsev's paper, computers and software had come a long way, and the stage was set for the development of stealth aircraft.
The F-117 was born after the Vietnam War, where more Soviet surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) had dropped heavy bombs.
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The heavy losses inflicted by Soviet-made SAMs on the Israeli air force in the 1973 Yom Kippur War also contributed to the Defse Scice Board's 1974 analysis that, in the event of a conflict in central Europe, air defenses they could prevent NATO air forces from hitting the targets. Eastern Europe.
It was a top-secret, dark project for most of his life; very few people in Patagonia knew that this program existed.
(a pun on the Hope Diamond due to its appearance). The following year, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) awarded Lockheed Skunk Works a contract to build and test two Stealth Strike Fighters, under the code name "Have Blue".
These land-based aircraft included jet engines from the Northrop T-38A, fly-by-wire systems from the F-16, landing gear from the A-10, and environmental systems from the C-130.
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By bringing together existing technology and components, Lockheed built two demonstrators under budget, at $35 million for the complete aircraft, and in record time.
Although all the planes crashed during the demonstration program, the test data proved to be good. The success of Have Blue led the government to increase funding for artificial intelligence. Much of that surplus was allocated to the production of an operational stealth aircraft, the Lockheed F-117A, under the program code name "Sior Trd".
The decision to build the F-117A was made on November 1, 1978, and the contract was awarded to Lockheed Advanced Development Projects, better known as the Skunk Works, in Burbank, California.
Rich called in Bill Schroeder, a Lockheed mathematician, and Overholser, a computer scientist, to use Ufimtsev's work. The three developed a computer program called "Echo", which allowed an aircraft to be designed with flat panels, called facets, which were arranged to disperse more than 99% of the radar signal into energy to "paint" the aircraft.
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The first YF-117A, serial number 79-10780, made its maiden flight from Groom Lake ("Site 51"), Nevada, on June 18, 1981.
Only 31 months after the general elections. The first production F-117A was delivered in 1982, and operational capability was achieved in October 1983.
The 4450 Tactical Group stationed at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, was tasked with improving the performance of the first F-117, and between 1981 (before the arrival of the first models) and 1989 used LTV A-7 Corsairs. II for training. , taking all pilots through standard flight training for the first time and later as a test pursuit aircraft for the F-117A.
The F-117 was secret for most of the 1980s. Many media outlets discussed what they called the "F-19" fighter, and Testor Corporation created an informal model. When an F-117 crashed in the Sequoia National Forest in July 1986, killing the pilot and starting a fire, the Air Force closed the airbase. Armed guards prevented the attempt, including firefighters, and a helicopter gunship surrounded the area. All of the F-117 wreckage was replaced with the F-101A Voodoo wreckage stored at Area 51. When another fatal crash occurred in October 1987 inside Nellis, the military also gave little information to the media.
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The Air Force denied the existence of the aircraft until November 10, 1988, when Assistant Secretary of Defense J. Daniel Howard displayed a negative image at a Patagonia press conference, belying many doubts about the nature of the "F-19". ". After announcing that pilots would be able to fly the F-117 during the day and would no longer need to partner with the A-7, instead flying the T-38 supersonic trainer for navigation and training.
In April 1990, two F-117s flew into Nellis, arriving in broad daylight and on public display to a crowd of thousands.
As the Air Force stated, "Led by Aeronautical Systems Cter, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, combined stealth technology with innovation and design to land aircraft quickly... The F-117A program demonstrates that stealth aircraft can be designed to provide reliability and security.
Most modern US military aircraft use post-1962 designations where the "F" designation is usually an air-to-air fighter, "B" is usually a bomber, "A" is usually a ground attack aircraft, etc. (Examples include the F-15, B-2, and A-6.) The F-117 is primarily an attack aircraft,
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So its "F" designation does not match the DoD system. This mismatch has been used repeatedly by the US Air Force with various aircraft since the late 1950s, including the Republic F-105 Thunder and the General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark. A television report quoted project manager Alan Brown as saying that Robert J. Dixon, a four-star Air Force general who was the head of Tactical Air Command, felt that the best USAF pilots needed to fly the new aircraft were easily attracted. for aircraft with an "F" designation for fighter, as distinguished from bomber ("B") or attack ("A").
The designation "F-117" seems to indicate that it was given an official designation prior to the 1962 US Tri-Service Aircraft Design System and can be considered numerically as part of the early "Ctury series" of fighters. Speculation before it was released to the public was that it would likely get the F-19 designation as that number had not yet been used. However, there was no other aircraft to be numbered "100" after the F-111. Soviet soldiers met with the US in different ways under the Constant Peg scheme
American pilots gave them F-series numbers for their tests, and with the advt of Te-series fighters, usually Ctury-series names.
As with other types of military aircraft flying in southern Nevada, when soldiers are captured, a radio call of "117" is issued. This radio station was used by the 4477th igmatic Test and Evaluation squadron, also known as the "Red Hats" or "Red Eagles", which often flew MiG fighter jets in the area, but there was no connection to the call. and the Air Force is considering the official designation of the F-19. Apparently, the use of the "117" radio became common and Lockheed published the first flight manual (i.e. the Air Force "dash one" aircraft manual), F-117A was the name printed on the cover.
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When the Air Force first approached Lockheed with the idea of a gimmick, Skunk Works director Kelly Johnson suggested a circular design. He believed that soft structures provided a superior combination of speed and stealth. However, his assistant, B Rich, demonstrated that faceted angle surfaces would provide a significant reduction in radar signature, and computing units could provide the required aerodynamic control. A May 1975 Skunk Works report, "Progress Report #2, High Stealth Concept Studies", presented a rounded concept that was rejected in favor of a flattened approach.
The unusual design results have surprised and puzzled experienced pilots. A Royal Air Force (RAF) pilot who flew it as an exchange officer said that when he first saw the picture of the
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